PCOS vs. Endometriosis: What’s the Difference?

PCOS and endometriosis are often mistaken for each other, but they have distinct causes and symptoms.

Understanding these differences is crucial for women navigating their reproductive health. While both conditions can affect the menstrual cycle and fertility, they arise from different underlying mechanisms and present unique challenges.

In this blog, we will delve into the key differences between endometriosis and PCOS, shedding light on their causes, symptoms, and management approaches.

What is PCOS?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder commonly found in women of reproductive age, characterized by prolonged or irregular menstrual cycles and elevated levels of male hormones (androgens).

In a typical ovulation cycle, a mature egg is released from the ovaries to be fertilized by male sperm. When the egg isn’t fertilized, it leaves the body during a menstrual cycle. With PCOS, hormonal imbalances prevent ovulation, causing eggs to become trapped in the ovaries.

What is Endometriosis?

The endometrium, which refers to the inner lining of the uterus, undergoes shedding during menstruation. Normally, this tissue grows only inside the uterus and supports a growing fetus during pregnancy.

In endometriosis, endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus. This tissue doesn’t shed during menstrual cycles, leading to a buildup over time. This can cause inflammation, pain, and scar tissue formation within the pelvic region.

What are the Symptoms of PCOS and Endometriosis?

PCOS Symptoms

Endometriosis Symptoms

Irregular or absent menstrual cycles.
Occurrence of excessive hair growth on areas such as the face, chest, abdomen, or upper thighs, also known as hirsutism.
Persistent severe acne or acne resistant to standard treatments.
Thinning hair or male-pattern baldness.
Weight gain or difficulty losing weight.
Darkened skin patches, especially along neck creases, in the groin, and under the breasts.
Skin tags, which are small, excess skin flaps in the armpits or neck area.

Very painful periods.
Pain during sexual intercourse.
Pain or discomfort with bowel movements, especially during menstruation.
Periods that are extremely heavy or abnormally long, or spotting between periods.
Pelvic pain.
Bloating, diarrhea, constipation, or nausea.
Chronic fatigue.

How are PCOS and Endometriosis Diagnosed?

PCOS

Endometriosis

For PCOS, symptoms such as irregular periods, excess hair growth, and acne will be inquired, as well as a pelvic examination will be conducted to check for signs of ovarian enlargement or cysts.

Blood tests may also measure hormone levels, including testosterone, estrogen, LH, and FSH.

Additionally, imaging tests like ultrasound may be used to visualize the ovaries and detect for any cysts or other abnormalities.

Diagnosing endometriosis involves evaluating symptoms such as pelvic pain, painful periods, and infertility. A pelvic examination may help reveal tender nodules or masses in the pelvic area.

However, the definitive diagnosis of endometriosis typically involves laparoscopic surgery, where a thin tube with a camera is inserted through a small incision in the abdomen to visualize pelvic organs. Biopsy samples may be taken for further examination.

What are the Options for PCOS and Endometriosis Treatment?

PCOS and endometriosis treatments vary based on the symptoms severity and the individual’s reproductive goals. Here are some treatment options for both conditions:

Diet and Exercise: Maintaining a balanced, healthy diet and incorporating exercise regimen into your routine can help in weight management and improve symptoms of PCOS and endometriosis. A balanced intake of fruits, vegetables, lean protein sources, and whole grains can help regulate hormones and reduce inflammation.
Stress Management: Managing stress is essential as it can exacerbate symptoms of PCOS and endometriosis. Engage in stress-reducing activities like yoga, meditation, deep breathing exercises, or seek counseling for additional support.
Hormonal Birth Control: Hormonal contraceptives, including pills, patches, or vaginal rings, can regulate menstrual cycles and reduce symptoms of PCOS and endometriosis.
Pain Relievers: Pain medications, whether over-the-counter or prescription, can help alleviate pelvic pain and discomfort associated with both PCOS and endometriosis.
Hysterectomy: In severe cases of endometriosis, when other treatments have failed, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be recommended to relieve symptoms.

Can You Have PCOS and Endometriosis?

While PCOS and endometriosis are distinct conditions, a woman can have both simultaneously. This can complicate diagnosis and treatment, as the symptoms of PCOS and endometriosis often overlap, making it challenging to distinguish between the two.

Additionally, having both conditions can exacerbate each other’s progression and severity, leading to more pronounced symptoms and potential complications.

Research suggests that women diagnosed with PCOS may have a higher risk of developing endometriosis, possibly due to shared underlying hormonal and inflammatory factors.

Choose Dr. Sandesh Kade for PCOS and Endometriosis Treatment in Abu Dhabi

If you’re struggling with endometriosis and PCOS or have any other gynecological concerns, it’s essential to seek expert medical advice and support.

Dr. Sandesh Kade is a highly regarded Gynecologist and Laparoscopic Surgeon with over 22 years of experience in Abu Dhabi. With a track record of 10,000+ successful surgeries, Dr. Sandesh has earned a reputation as a trusted authority in women’s health.

Schedule a consultation with Dr. Sandesh Kade today!